Cold temperatures affect fiber optic cables when water enters the ducts transporting the wires and freezes. The accumulation of ice around the wires poses a risk that the cables may get kinked, degrading the quality of the data sent via the fiber optic lines. This makes them less susceptible to the effects of extreme cold compared to traditional metal wires. However, the protective materials surrounding the cable core are essential to withstand physical stress caused by. Fiber-optic cables have a protective coating made of PE or PVC that can withstand very high temperatures, such as those seen in the Middle East. However, extreme cold, ice, or snow can affect the cable's outer jacket, cause physical stress, or. Optical fiber transmission has the advantages of wide transmission frequency, large communication capacity, low loss, no electromagnetic interference, small diameter of optical cable, light weight, rich source of raw materials, etc., so it is becoming a new transmission medium.