This study offers a comparative analysis of different airflow organization schemes, highlighting the benefits of aisle containment in precision and inter-column air conditioning and the suitability of backplane air conditioning for high-density cooling without the need for. This study offers a comparative analysis of different airflow organization schemes, highlighting the benefits of aisle containment in precision and inter-column air conditioning and the suitability of backplane air conditioning for high-density cooling without the need for. In this study, the modular data center is taken as the research object for the purpose of figuring out a way to improve the thermal environment of the computer room, reduce power consumption, and ensure the safe and stable running of servers. To this end, this study established an airflow. Through the use of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations, three different airflow strategies were evaluated and improved: underfloor precision air conditioning, inter-column air conditioning, and backplane air conditioning. These cooling systems, which are usually considered in isolation. To address common airflow distribution issues in air-cooled systems, such as uneven air supply and cooling capacity imbalance, this study investigates a bidirectional airflow data center room located in a hot-summer and warm-winter region. (IRI), provides an overview of the key steps for optimizing the cooling performance of air-cooled data centers.